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Article / Oct 02, 2018

Efficiency Demands Drive Advances in API Labs

Pharmaceutical Technology, October 2, 2018

Integration of new modeling and analytical tools with flow chemistry are notable trends

A key focus of the pharmaceutical industry today is increasing efficiency and productivity to reduce cost and time to market. These issues are being addressed across the entire development lifecycle, including in API development labs. From improvement of existing technologies to the introduction of more advanced analytical instruments and modeling software, development labs are focused on increasing speed of optimization and reducing issues during scale up.

Need for speed

Innovation in API development labs is taking place at all pharmaceutical companies. Adam Kujath, senior director of global manufacturing sciences and technology at Alcami, points out how this innovation is being driven largely by smaller pharma and biotech companies. “Speed is the most important thing for these organizations as they work to get into and through the clinic as quickly as possible. Therefore, most investments are not necessarily for exotic new technologies, but rather expansion and improvement of those that drive more efficient throughput,” he comments. Examples include robotic screening equipment, parallel reactors, and more advanced in-line analytics to support process characterization.

Flow chemistry for the synthesis of APIs is an important trend in the industry, according to Rui Loureiro, director of R&D process chemistry development for Hovione. “Flow chemistry enables the implementation of chemistries that previously were not possible due to a lack of technology. As a result, chemists are gaining access to new methods for producing new and more complex molecules,” he says. It can also dramatically reduce scale-up times because the same equipment can be used in the lab and for production, just for longer periods of time and/or in multiple copies.

A side benefit of the interest in flow chemistry is improvements in process analytical technology (PAT)—including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)—are being developed to allow their use for continuous manufacturing, according to Loureiro.

Equipment integration and miniaturization

Not only advances in equipment technology, but the ability to integrate different aspects of API development laboratory initiatives is helping to speed up activities. Access to a growing selection of miniaturized probes with high resolutions allows researchers to more quickly gain a better understanding of how crystals are formed and how polymorphic forms can be controlled, according to Jerod Robertson, a senior process chemist at Hovione.

He points to smaller probes for focused- beam reflectance measurements and particle vision and measurement from Mettler Toledo as examples that allow performance of crystallization studies in smaller reactors using smaller quantities of expensive API. “Using less material is important since at the beginning of development there normally aren’t significant amounts of product available, but the shape and size of the obtained crystals should be understood as in-depth as possible because these parameters can significantly impact process development down the road to reaching the commercial phase,” Robertson explains.

Most notable for Alcami when it comes to equipment advances has been the integration of multiple systems, according to Kujath. “When a piece of equipment capable of performing automated, high-throughput synthesis or crystallization experiments is directly integrated with direct sampling for multiple forms of analysis on the same system, it drives efficiency, such as the Bruker D8 Discover HTS2. Better, more robust data sets can be obtained, making tools such as design of experiments more accessible for earlier development activities and thereby allowing Alcami to create stronger early clinical processes,” he observes.

More intuitive software

Advances in software are equally important as improved equipment and technology. “Software packages are becoming more intuitive, which is important as the databases behind them grow,” Kujath notes. “Scientists today build on the developments of those who came before them, and the software packages that exist today are making that information more accessible for application on a daily basis,” he adds.

At Hovione, using the simple but effective Dynochem (Scale-Up Systems) and Visimix (VisiMix Ltd.) software packages for optimizing scale up and mixing processes and equipment have been great tools for chemists responsible for the scale-up of API syntheses. “The use of Dynochem has enabled Hovione to achieve faster development of unit operations such as solvent swapping, and it has also been a great tool for understanding reaction mechanisms, including those that lead to impurity formation,” Loureiro says. Such understanding helps the development chemists implement effective control strategies that ensure product quality. The use of tools such as Visimix provides chemists with a greater understanding of effects like mass transfer and mixing and how they can impact product quality, according to Robertson. This information can be used to gain insight into how reactions will run at scale or when they are changed from one piece of equipment to another.

Hovione is also leveraging software designed for ab initio calculations, such as Gaussian calculations. “These types of software are very important because they provide chemists with a better understanding of the possible transition states that can be formed during the different steps in an API synthesis route. This information is helpful for identification of pathways that lead to impurity formation,” says Loureiro.

Better modeling for greater control

The software packages used at Hovione mainly help with modeling. The information that is obtained on process kinetics and impurity formation is used to determine the optimum control strategies, according to Robertson. The company also uses software such as SuperPro Designer (Intelligen) for batch process simulations and computational fluid dynamics software for modeling the scale up of processes when moving from the lab to large-scale production.

The algorithms used in modeling tools are becoming more accurate and predictive in part because the data behind them continue to grow, according to Kujath. Alcami has seen that they are as a result useful for further refining processes.

Better modeling for greater control

The software packages used at Hovione mainly help with modeling. The information that is obtained on process kinetics and impurity formation is used to determine the optimum control strategies, according to Robertson. The company also uses software such as SuperPro Designer (Intelligen) for batch process simulations and computational fluid dynamics software for modeling the scale up of processes when moving from the lab to large-scale production.

The algorithms used in modeling tools are becoming more accurate and predictive in part because the data behind them continue to grow, according to Kujath. Alcami has seen that they are as a result useful for further refining processes.

 

C. Challener, “Efficiency Demands Drive Advances in API Labs,” Pharmaceutical Technology 42 (10) 2018.

 

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International Pharmaceutical Industry journal speaks with Márcio Temtem, VP Strategic Business Management at Hovione, about how the company’s deep-rooted expertise in complex chemistry differentiates it within the CDMO landscape, enables seamless integration from drug substance to drug product, and supports partners in accelerating the development of high-potency APIs, advanced formulations, and next-generation therapeutic modalities. How does your complex chemistry expertise differentiate you from other CDMOs and how does it translate into helping partners accelerate the development of increasingly sophisticated APIs and formulations? Hovione has been associated with complex chemistry since its genesis. The company started by developing very tough chemistry on corticosteroids and antibiotics, which was an expertise that in the 90s we transferred into the contract manufacturing business.  Since then, Hovione has been exploring chemistry and its complexity in contract manufacturing through several angles. One is the ability to have assets across the globe and at different scales that allow the company to address various client needs. Another example of being able to tackle the complexity is having assets that can address molecules with different levels of potency. High potency is something that we offer in many of our facilities. Over the years, we have also tackled chemistries that are difficult to manage, like hydrogenations and cryogenic reactions. All these are part of a menu that we offer into the services. Hovione is always attentive to the client’s needs. The next step after chemistry, which typically tends to be particle engineering, either by means of crystallisation, controlled crystallisation, jet milling, or one of the technologies that we master most, spray drying. We keep attentive to these needs and we keep upgrading our toolbox with new hardware and new software. On the hardware side, we recently announced a partnership with Microinnova to embed continuous flow into our offering. On the software side, we have added micellar chemistry, a water-based approach to chemically synthesise active ingredients, addressing sustainability within the broader pharmaceutical industry. How does your manufacturing approach ensure seamless integration from drug substance to drug product both technically and operationally? Hovione has sites located in Europe, Asia, and North America, designed to offer clients a seamless, integrated approach across our network, not only in terms of processes, but also in terms of technologies. These facilities serve clients globally, although naturally some clients favour the local site. In terms of integration, Hovione offers the synthesis of the active ingredient, the manufacturing of intermediates such as amorphous solid dispersions, and the final drug product all in one site. Many companies claim to offer integrated services, but they do this across multiple sites. Hovione does the integration at one site, which reduces hand-offs, streamlines operations and ensures technical alignment. How do technologies such as spray drying and particle engineering, when combined with your chemistry expertise, enhance formulation performance and streamline scale-up timelines? Spray drying has become one of the most versatile technologies in our industry. It addresses challenges that both chemists and formulators face. Chemists are often concerned with problems such as yield, purity or ways of obtaining the right solid-state characteristics of the API, such as polymorphic form. Spray drying can provide a means of isolating materials that are very difficult to isolate by other methods. Examples of compounds that benefit from this include peptides and sugars. On the formulation side, spray drying addresses one of the biggest challenges in the industry: the poor solubility and consequently bioavailability of most of the new drugs. Seventy to ninety per cent of the new drugs in development are poorly soluble. Over the past 20 years, Hovione has developed a platform for making amorphous solid dispersions by spray drying. This platform allows new formulations to be developed with minimum quantities of API and in a short number of few weeks. The technology provides a seamless scale-up from grams to tons, gives clients line-of-sight to commercial production, and saves valuable API at early stages of development. It also allows integration between drug substance and drug product, linking synthesis, intermediate manufacture, and final product in a single site, which is unique in the industry. As molecules and processes become more complex, so too do supply chains. How does Hovione ensure consistency, quality, and regulatory confidence across global operations? Hovione maintains consistency, quality and regulatory confidence through a combination of global assets, standardised platforms and processes, and cross-functional expertise. Our sites are designed to serve global clients while maintaining local responsiveness. We offer high-potency capabilities and advanced particle engineering to address complex molecular challenges. By standardising technologies and processes across sites, Hovione ensures predictable outcomes and adherence to global regulatory requirements. This integrated approach supports reliable supply chains even as molecules and processes grow more complex. With the rise of HPAPIs, novel excipients, and emerging therapeutic modalities, how is Hovione evolving its chemistry and process capabilities to support the next generation of pharmaceutical innovation? We see a trend towards more complex molecules and increasing demand for high-potency compounds. Hovione continues to invest globally, expanding capabilities in high-potency APIs, novel excipients, emerging modalities, and emerging delivery routes such as inhalation or nasal delivery. Chemistry is used as a tool to enable these delivery routes, including synthesis, crystallisation to achieve the right polymorphic form, shape, and size, and optimisation of interactions with excipients. All this is interconnected with our platforms, and amorphous solid dispersions by spray drying, designed to improve bioavailability, the one with the most market credits. Our capabilities bridge drug substance and drug product development and allow us to serve commercial products of different volumes, from small batches to larger scales, all while handling high potency and complex chemistries.   Read the full article at International-Pharma.com  

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