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Developing an Orally Inhaled Dry Powder Formulation - A Complex Itinerary and a Technological Challenge The delivery of an orally inhaled API to the deep lung can be performed using different drug-delivery platforms, such as nebulizers, pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDI), and dry powder inhalers (DPI). DPIs are increasingly becoming a more important drug delivery option and are expected to hit double-digit figures, reaching global sales of $31.5 billion in 2018 DPIs are conventionally formulated using a carrier-based approach, in which the API is size-reduced until it reaches an inhalable particle size and is further blended with a lactose carrier to enable dose metering and to improve powder flowability and dispersibility. Even though this formulation approach is the most commonly used, it presents several drawbacks. To overcome the limitations, as well as to address the renewed interest in pulmonary delivery of biotherapeutics and other advanced therapies, several alternative particle engineering approaches have been devised over the years, such as the production of composite particles by spray-drying where the API is embedded in an excipient matrix. Although the development of a DPI seems straightforward, it is a complex area that integrates multiple fields of knowledge. In a general way, the success of a DPI produced using a carrier-based formulation approach will be determined by the API physicochemical properties, the formulation composition and process, the device and operating conditions, the patient–device relationship, the environmental variables, and ultimately, patient compliance. In this article, Gonçalo Andrade, business development manager at Hovione, spoke to Pharmaceutical Technology about the key considerations when developing an orally inhaled dry-powder inhalation formulation. Read the article here

Article

Developing an Orally Inhaled Dry Powder Formulation

Jun 01, 2015

Purpose To present a new screening methodology intended to be used in the early development of spray-dried amorphous solid dispersions. Methods A model that combines thermodynamic, kinetic and manufacturing considerations was implemented to obtain estimates of the miscibility and phase behavior of different itraconazole-based solid dispersions. Additionally, a small-scale solvent casting protocol was developed to enable a fast assessment on the amorphous stability of the different drug-polymer systems. Then, solid dispersions at predefined drug loads were produced in a lab-scale spray dryer for powder characterization and comparison of the results generated by the model and solvent cast samples. Results The results obtained with the model enabled the ranking of the polymers from a miscibility standpoint. Such ranking was consistent with the experimental data obtained by solvent casting and spray drying. Moreover, the range of optimal drug load determined by the model was as well consistent with the experimental results. Conclusions The screening methodology presented in this work showed that a set of amorphous formulation candidates can be assessed in a computer model, enabling not only the determination of the most suitable polymers, but also of the optimal drug load range to be tested in laboratory experiments. The set of formulation candidates can then be further fine-tuned with solvent casting experiments using a small amount of API, which will then provide the decision for the final candidate formulations to be assessed in spray drying experiments.   Read article here

Article

Screening Methodologies for the Development of Spray-Dried ASDs

Aug 01, 2014

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