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Article / Jan 12, 2026

CEO Spotlight: Hovione’s Jean-Luc Herbeaux

Contract Pharma, 12 January 2026

Jean-Luc Herbeaux COO | Hovione

Hovione is an international CDMO with over 60 years of experience in pharmaceutical development and manufacturing, providing a comprehensive range of services for New Molecular Entities (NMEs) including drug substances, intermediates, and finished drug products. Hovione also provides niche generic API products and delivers advanced technologies to support a variety of drug delivery systems, including oral, injectable, inhalation, and topical formats. Today, the company employs 2,500 people worldwide and offers 900 m3 of manufacturing capacity.

Jean-Luc Herbeaux joined Hovione as Chief Operations Officer in 2020 and was appointed CEO in April 2022. Previously, he held multiple high-level leadership positions at Evonik, where he last headed the Health Care Business Line. Herbeaux earned a Diplôme d’Ingénieur from UTC in France and an M.S. and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Houston in the U.S.

In this Q&A with Contract Pharma, Herbeaux discusses Hovione’s leadership in spray drying and continuous tableting technologies, the fundamental purpose that drives the company, long-term growth strategies and more.

 

Contract Pharma: What are the most significant trends you are currently observing in the CDMO industry?

Jean-Luc Herbeaux: Several powerful trends are currently reshaping the CDMO industry.
First, we are seeing a rapid increase in the complexity of synthetic molecules. These compounds often require longer, more sophisticated chemical routes and access to specialized, qualified capacity. They also drive demand for advanced formulation technologies, particularly in particle engineering and bioavailability enhancement, where spray drying has become a key enabling platform.

Second, development timelines continue to compress. Sponsors want to move faster, which significantly increases the pressure on manufacturing organizations. CDMOs are expected to design, build, qualify, and scale assets in much shorter timeframes. This challenge is amplified by the simultaneous launch of very large-volume products, where commercial capacity may not yet exist and must be created in parallel with late-stage development. These dynamics clearly favor CDMOs that already have available capacity, strong engineering depth, and proven capabilities in rapid, right-first-time scale-up.

Third, the regionalization of supply chains is becoming a structural reality. Concepts such as “USA for USA” or “China for China” represent a fundamental shift for an industry that was historically optimized around globally integrated networks. CDMOs with a truly international manufacturing footprint and strong scalability are best positioned to support this transition and to meet the expectations of global pharmaceutical customers.

Finally, all these forces are accelerating the evolution of customer relationships — from transactional outsourcing toward strategic, long-term partnerships. As regulatory standards tighten and customer audits become broader and more rigorous, CDMOs aspiring to be strategic partners must go well beyond technical excellence. They must demonstrate highly professionalized operations, robust quality systems, strong governance, and the ability to integrate seamlessly into their customers’ development and supply strategies.

CP: How does Hovione maintain its leadership in spray drying and continuous tableting technologies?

Herbeaux: Establishing and maintaining leadership demands focus, discipline and commitment to continuous improvement. Decathletes are versatile but rarely dominate a single event. Similarly, I believe pharma CDMOs must decide whether to focus on selected technologies to achieve excellence or maintain a broad offering with inevitable compromises in depth and focus. At Hovione, we have chosen to specialize, dedicating over 20 years to perfecting spray drying. Thanks to this dedication, we have built unmatched know-how in particle engineering, scale-up, and industrialization, by optimizing materials, formulation, process design, automation, hardware design, and nurturing internal talents and partnerships.

Specialized CDMOs like Hovione are uniquely positioned to lead this journey, given their exposure to a far broader range of compounds than any individual pharmaceutical company encounters within its own development pipeline. Our journey in continuous tableting is more recent, yet it follows the same playbook: we apply the same disciplined, end-to-end rigor across processes, hardware, automation, talent, and partner networks to drive usability and adoption. We do so by weaving innovation and continuous improvement into everything we do, with all our team members and partners contributing.

This specialized approach has made Hovione very relevant to the pharmaceutical market, not by virtue of size or volume, but through the differentiation achieved in these areas of heightened focus. In turn, this contributes to the creation and reliable supply of superior therapies to the most important stakeholder group – patients.

CP: How is Hovione integrating new technologies and innovations in its processes?

Herbeaux: At Hovione, we believe in advancing the quality of our services through science and technology.  Our scientific expertise helps bring performance and predictability to the development and manufacturing processes we employ to deliver drug products and their intermediates to our customers, ensuring consistently high-quality results at all scales.

Our approach to innovation integrates co-development with our partners and customers to adopt innovations that accelerate development and constantly improve product and process performance. Digital tools and automation—like PAT, advanced analytics, and in silico modeling—are obviously integrated in our processes to improve control, speed, and outcomes.

By focusing on innovations that have a real impact, Hovione supports up to 10% of the NDAs submitted to the FDA on any given year and contributes to medicines that reach about 80 million patients. This reflects our dedication to improving patients’ lives. At the core of our identity is this fundamental purpose that guides everything our 2,500 team members do: “We are in it for life.”

CP: What is Hovione’s long-term strategy to grow its U.S. operations? What progress has the company made recently?

Herbeaux: The significant growth of our New Jersey site in recent years reflects the combined effect of a deliberate strategic decision to reinforce local capabilities and teams —bringing us closer to our customers and their end markets.

Our “one-site-stop” approach—bringing together drug substance, drug product intermediate, and drug product capabilities at a single site under one quality system—resonates strongly with customers. This model reduces technology-transfer complexity, compresses timelines, and enables seamless execution from development through commercialization, directly addressing customer demand for accelerated timelines.

We recently completed a $100 million investment cycle, including the construction of a 31,000 sq. ft. facility featuring two new commercial-scale size-3 spray dryers dedicated to amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). This investment more than doubles our U.S. spray-drying capacity.

The facility will also soon be equipped with a next-generation GEA continuous tableting line (CDC Flex) designed to accommodate a broad range of output levels, from development through commercial-scale volumes.

Hovione has also acquired additional land to support a future 125,000 sq. ft. greenfield development. Together, these projects have the potential, over the next decade, to transform our New Jersey site into a fully integrated pharmaceutical manufacturing campus of more than 200,000 sq. ft.

CP: What is Hovione’s growth strategy for the rest of the world beyond the U.S.?

Herbeaux: The New Jersey expansion is part of Hovione’s multi-year, multi-continent investment plan to create a network of autonomous yet harmonized sites. In Seixal, Portugal, a €200 million investment in a 104-acre campus—including new production buildings, laboratories, and offices—is scheduled to open in 2027, providing clear line of sight for new business opportunities.

In Cork, Ireland, a recently completed expansion nearly doubled our local spray-drying capacity. Together, these investments strengthen our key technology platforms— 1) amorphous solid dispersion via spray drying and 2) continuous tableting—enhancing capacity and ensuring redundancy to support global supply continuity.

CP: Are there any recent collaborations or partnerships that have been impactful for Hovione’s trajectory?

Herbeaux: Strategic partnerships with pharmaceutical companies (our customers) are particularly rewarding, as they entail long-term commitments, provide preferred access to rich portfolios and pipelines, and support our continuous evolution toward best-in-class performance. In recent years, we have secured a growing number of preferred supplier relationships, which have helped ensure long-term supply of complex drugs and intermediates for our partners while also mitigating risk in our own pipeline.

Another category of strategic collaborations involves partners with capabilities that are complementary to ours. Through these collaborations, we expand our innovation ecosystem, enhance our capabilities to address the industry’s toughest challenges, and leverage top industry talent to create value that benefits and respects all participants.

Our partnership with Zerion Pharma helps advance the Dispersome technology to boost bioavailability of small-molecule drugs, supported by our ASD-HIPROS intelligent screening platform to speed amorphous solid dispersion formulation development.

Our technology partnerships with Dragonfly Technologies (micellar chemistry) and Microinnova (flow chemistry) enable greener, leaner chemistry.

Our collaboration with GEA contributes to the higher adoption of continuous tableting with next generation continuous tableting machines, which are easier to use, more compact and address the customer requirement for accelerated development.

Building on our leadership in spray drying, we are partnering in systems for respiratory drug delivery, such as dry powder inhaler device technology with H&T Presspart and nasal powder delivery devices with IDC in order to present a complete offering (API, powder, and devices) to the market.

Last but not least, we are expanding our network to areas adjacent to our current commercial activities, most notably aseptic particles and formulations, with the goal of addressing drug delivery and stabilization challenges for new modalities. Our specialized synthetic sugars, which show potential in this area, came with the acquisition of ExtremoChem. We will share more details as this offering continues to mature.

CP: From a sponsor’s perspective, what should companies look for when choosing a CDMO for early-phase development of complex formulations?

Herbeaux: When faced with the difficult task of selecting a CDMO, I would recommend choosing a partner with proven capabilities in the relevant area—particularly when it comes to scaling from early development to commercial production. I would select a CDMO that helps the customer make the right scientific and technical decisions early, anticipating scale-up challenges before they arise. Ultimately, I would choose a partner for the long term, equipped with the right team (including management), equipment, methodologies, quality and regulatory expertise to de-risk both the clinical and commercial programs.

A long-term partnership fosters a transparent, collaborative model, supported by strong data protection, with the CDMO functioning as an extension of the customer’s team.  As trust is established and team dynamics are proven, partners can successfully pursue projects even beyond the CDMO’s core technologies, leveraging close collaboration and higher levels of integration to ensure successful outcomes. In my experience, nothing delivers more long-term value than a network of trusted partners.

CP: As the CDMO space becomes increasingly crowded, how is Hovione differentiating itself in the eyes of emerging biotech and mid-sized pharma clients?

Herbeaux: Our customers’ trust is our most valuable asset. It underpins every collaboration we build and is earned through the depth of our scientific expertise, efficient and reliable manufacturing, strong quality systems, sustainable practices, and long-standing regulatory excellence. This foundation is reflected in the trust placed in us by 19 of the world’s top 20 pharmaceutical companies, as well as many mid-sized pharmaceutical companies and biotech organizations.

That trust is never taken for granted. It is earned and reinforced through our continuous efforts to help our customers address their most complex challenges and advance their drug programs with dedication, confidence and timeliness. As a family-owned company with a stable and experienced management team, we provide a clear long-term vision and consistent strategic direction—qualities our customers value highly. Having grown organically with patient outcome in mind, we deeply appreciate that every project matters—both to our pharmaceutical partners and, most importantly, to the patients whose lives depend on the successful launch and delivery of these medicines.

Emerging biotech and mid-sized pharma clients can rely on the superior level of engagement and service that has made Hovione successful. Through our integrated model, we support the development and manufacturing of drug substance, drug product intermediates, and finished drug products for both clinical and commercial applications—enabling smooth scale-up, consistent results, and accelerated timelines. Our R&D and operations teams work in close partnership, coordinated by best-in-class project management practices, to ensure fast, reliable transfer from laboratory scale to GMP industrial production, maintaining speed without compromising quality. Throughout every stage, quality and compliance remain at the core of our work, with unwavering adherence to the highest standards.

Our leadership in platforms like ASD by spray drying and continuous tableting, together with our capability to drive projects to success at any scale, remains a key source of value for emerging biotech and mid-sized pharma, especially as advanced formulation challenges grow more complex.

 

Read the full article at ContractPharma.com

 

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The company is building out more than 200,000 square feet of space in New Jersey. In April, Contract Pharma had the opportunity to tour Hovione’s expanded manufacturing facility in East Windsor, NJ. The company is planning a formal ribbon-cutting this fall; before that, we got an inside look at some new features. Having established United States operations in 2002, Hovione now has more than 200,000 square feet of space in New Jersey. This will be developed into a large, integrated campus in the next five to ten years. Overall, the company’s recent NJ expansion, which began in 2025, has tripled its total spray-drying capacity in the U.S. Future Facility Upgrades A 125,000-square-foot greenfield acquired by Hovione at the East Windsor campus will eventually be a large-scale production site. This includes enhanced quality control and R&D capabilities. Together, all this adds to Hovione’s stable of manufacturing sites, R&D centers, and other offices spread across three continents. Key to the expansion is a targeted reduction of Hovione’s carbon footprint by 40% by the year 2030. Part of this goal is embracing new and/or changing solvent types to help meet sustainability standards. Additionally, the company says automation that has been put in place at its Portugal site will be replicated in NJ. Hovione Aligns NJ Operations At the Drug, Chemical & Associated Technologies Association (DCAT) Week in New York in March, Contract Pharma met with Hovione. There, David Basile, Vice President of Technical Operations—Americas, further illustrated the New Jersey expansion. “Hovione aims to build an equivalent manufacturing network, where clients can go to any site across the globe,” Basile said. “The design of the facility has been well-thought through with material flows [and] gravity-fed processes. It’s scalable. We call each one of these building segments a finger. You can copy and paste these fingers, and they are built to house both spray drying and drug product assets.” Ultimately, with these moves and a strategic partnership model, Hovione aims to provide customers an opportunity to co-invest and access the company’s proprietary knowledge and assets to accelerate programs and create long-term value. Read the full article at ContractPharma.com    

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The podcast "The Next Discovery" is a six-episode series created by Observador, a leading Portuguese digital newspaper and radio station, in partnership with Hovione.   From hospitals to patients’ homes, discover the solutions that make it possible to administer high-dose biologics with greater comfort, less pain, and more freedom in treatment. What if some of the scientific breakthroughs that could improve the lives of millions of people were happening right now in Portugal? The Next Discovery. Listen to the last episode of the podcast here, featuring João Pires and Joana Cristóvão from Hovione’s Research and Development Center. [English transcription] Nelson Ferreira (NF): Welcome to the sixth and final episode of The Next Discovery, a podcast series in which Hovione opens the doors to its world to share the global impact of innovation developed in Portugal. I’m Nelson Ferreira, and throughout this journey we have explored chemical processes, ultrafine particles, and revolutionary production lines. Today, we look directly at the future of medicine. After exploring the world of small molecules, we are now entering a new therapeutic dimension: biologic medicines. Based on larger and more complex molecules, these treatments are opening new possibilities for addressing a wide range of diseases. To explain how this field is evolving and how science can make these treatments more effective, stable, and accessible to patients, I’m joined by João Pires and Joana Cristóvão from Hovione’s Research and Development Center. NF: Welcome to you both. João, let me start with you. For someone who has never heard this term before, what exactly are biologic medicines, and what sets them apart from small-molecule drugs, which are more closely associated with traditional chemistry? João Pires (JP): If we think about the medicines we find in pharmacies today, most of them are indeed composed of small molecules. These are simpler structures that are still highly effective and that we can design and manufacture through what we call classical chemistry, a field that has developed its knowledge over the last 150 to 200 years. Biologics are completely different. Because of their complexity, larger size, and structure, they differ mainly in their origin. They are produced from living organisms, such as cells, which, under the right conditions, can function as biological factories. Just as in our own bodies, they allow us to produce and extract substances that can have a significant therapeutic effect for certain diseases. In that sense, biologics benefit from millions of years of evolution, something classical chemistry simply does not have. NF: Biology is what carried out that evolution. JP: Exactly. Biology. That’s part of the beauty of it. NF: Nature carried out that entire process for us. NF: Joana, since these medicines are created from living organisms, can we say they are, in a way, more “intelligent” and have greater therapeutic potential? Joana Cristóvão (JC): In some cases, they do have tremendous therapeutic potential. One of the advantages of these molecules is their remarkable specificity. You can think of it as a key fitting into a lock. It has to be the right key. Biologics, because they speak the same biological language as our bodies, have this advantage. However, that does not mean they are better than small molecules. It means that, because they are produced by living microorganisms, they are highly complex and would be very difficult, and in some cases impossible, to produce through traditional chemical synthesis. Their great strength lies in their specificity. Examples of biologics include proteins that facilitate communication within the body and monoclonal antibodies that identify specific targets. These functions are particularly suited to biologics and less common among small molecules. NF: João, as I understand it, this is still an emerging field worldwide. How did Hovione, a company historically linked to chemical synthesis and small-molecule particle engineering, decide to embrace the challenge of biologics? JP: Honestly, it has been a very natural transition. Over the years, Hovione has developed highly specialized expertise in chemistry, particle engineering, and formulation science. When we look at biologics, despite their greater complexity, the underlying challenge is very similar. These medicines still require materials, processes, and controls to ensure they reach patients safely, consistently, and effectively. NF: But is there real potential? JP: Absolutely. Not only is there potential, but there are also significant challenges. This leads to the second point: curiosity. Throughout Hovione’s history, starting with our founder, there has always been a drive to embrace increasingly complex challenges. That curiosity is part of our DNA, particularly within our Innovation and Development Center. It is also one of the most rewarding aspects of working at Hovione: being part of this transition. NF: And it is not that far removed from Hovione’s history either. JP: Exactly. NF: Joana, in which therapeutic areas have biologics already had the greatest impact? Are there diseases where they have clearly transformed patient treatment? JC: There are several areas. NF: So this is no longer science fiction. It already exists in practice. JC: Exactly, and it has existed for quite some time in some fields. In oncology, for example, antibodies are used to target and kill cancer cells with high specificity. Instead of attacking cells broadly, these treatments target the disease’s underlying mechanisms. NF: Which I assume reduces side effects. JC: It does. Cancer is also a very clever disease. It evolves rapidly and often hides from our immune system. There are biologic therapies designed to help our natural defenses do their job by removing the “invisible cloak” that some tumors use to evade detection and progress rapidly. Another classic example is diabetes. Insulin has been the most common treatment for diabetes for decades. Before biotechnology, insulin was extracted from animals, making production limited. With biotechnology, we gained the ability to produce human insulin, known as recombinant insulin, using living microorganisms. This transformation made the treatment available to far more people and has saved countless lives. NF: Two clear examples where biologics are already making a difference. João, these medicines are on the market today, but I imagine developing and stabilizing them in the laboratory presents major technical challenges. What are they? JP: Because these molecules are highly complex and, as Joana described, quite elegant, they are also extremely sensitive, almost like greenhouse flowers. Biological evolution has optimized them to survive under very specific conditions, conditions that often do not exist during manufacturing, transportation, or administration. As a result, they are highly sensitive to heat, air, pressure, and even prolonged contact with one another. When these molecules interact too much, they can lose their structure and unfortunately their therapeutic effect as well. This is where we come in. Clients often approach us with molecules that have tremendous therapeutic potential but are still only proof-of-concept projects. Our role is to take those early experimental results and develop the controls, processes, and formulations needed to scale production to thousands or even millions of doses while maintaining impeccable quality and stability. NF: Joana, how are these medicines administered? Are they different from conventional drugs? Traditionally, many biologics require intravenous administration in a hospital setting. Is that still the case? JC: Traditionally, yes. Most biologics are administered directly into a vein through an infusion, similar to receiving an IV drip. However, the pharmaceutical industry is not only focused on treating diseases. It is also increasingly focused on the patient experience. These treatments require hospital visits and can take time to administer. For chronic illnesses, this process repeats throughout a patient's life. The industry's goal is to develop alternative treatments that are more comfortable and give patients greater independence. NF: So they would no longer need to go to the hospital. JC: Exactly. The ultimate objective is to create injectable solutions that patients can administer themselves. Achieving this requires innovation in technology, formulation development, and medical devices. NF: João, this is where high-concentration formulations come in. What does that mean in practice? Could we eventually administer these medicines ourselves without the help of a nurse? JP: We certainly hope so. The concept of high-concentration formulations is relatively simple: fitting as much medicine as possible into the smallest possible volume. Ideally, that volume is small enough to fit into something like an auto-injector that can be carried in a pocket. NF: A pen-like device. JP: Exactly, a pen. Thanks to newer treatments, particularly in areas such as obesity, these devices have become much more familiar to the public. Technically, it sounds simple: more medicine, less liquid. But as we discussed earlier, these molecules are highly sensitive. As concentration increases and the molecules become more crowded together, challenges emerge. In addition to stability concerns, there is the issue of viscosity. This is easy to visualize: the more concentrated something is, the thicker it becomes. NF: Which makes it harder to inject. JP: Exactly. And greater viscosity generally means greater pain during administration. That directly contradicts the goal of developing treatments that are more convenient and patient-friendly. This is one of the major challenges facing the industry today: finding ways to overcome dose limitations and reduce administration volumes without compromising therapeutic effectiveness, convenience, or patient acceptance. NF: Joana, before we finish, what do scientists feel when they look toward the future and see Hovione’s work helping bring medicine closer to solutions that are increasingly personalized, convenient, patient-centered, and comfortable? JC: I think it is a tremendous responsibility, and that responsibility is also a major source of motivation. Medicine is becoming increasingly personalized and focused on the biological mechanisms that cause disease rather than simply treating symptoms. It is incredibly rewarding to be part of teams contributing to this journey toward a better future, one that places patients at the center. NF: João, is the future biological? JP: Not exclusively, but certainly in part. Biologics allow us to dream bigger. They open the door to better, more personalized, and more effective medicines, creating possibilities that were difficult to imagine until now. NF: João Pires and Joana Cristóvão, thank you for opening the doors to the future of medicine. With this look toward tomorrow, we conclude the first season of The Next Discovery. Over the course of six episodes, we traveled from a basement laboratory in Lisbon in 1959 to global technological leadership that now touches the lives of more than 80 million people every year. 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Podcast “The Next Discovery” (EP6) - High-Dose Biologics: From Fiction to Reality

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The podcast "The Next Discovery" is a six-episode series created by Observador, a leading Portuguese digital newspaper and radio station, in partnership with Hovione. From asthma to therapies that may one day reach the brain, we follow Hovione’s journey in respiratory and nasal drug delivery, where every particle is engineered to improve patients’ lives. What if some of the scientific breakthroughs that could improve the lives of millions of people were happening right now in Portugal? Welcome to The Next Discovery. Listen to the fifth episode of the podcast here, featuring Eunice Costa, Director of Research and Development Center at Hovione. [English transcription] Nelson Ferreira (NF): Welcome to The Next Discovery. This is a partnership between Rádio Observador and Hovione, a six-episode series where we open the doors to science and innovation with global impact. I’m Nelson Ferreira, and today we’ll explore how the respiratory system and the nasal route are being used to deliver medicines throughout the body in fast and innovative ways. Joining us is Eunice Costa, Director at Hovione’s Research and Development Center. NF: Hello, Eunice, and welcome. Hovione’s history is closely linked to the lung. More than two decades ago, you began developing and manufacturing solutions for inhaled medicines. What are the major diseases whose treatment has advanced significantly with the help of these innovations? Eunice Costa (EC): Hello, Nelson. Thank you for the invitation. To begin with, respiratory diseases are among the most prevalent conditions and have a tremendous societal impact. We have asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD. The technology required to manage these diseases, from molecule design to formulations and delivery devices, is fundamental to making them manageable. While they certainly have a significant impact on patients’ daily lives, these conditions can be effectively controlled, allowing people to live normal lives. NF: Especially because some of them aren’t curable. EC: Exactly. NF: COPD is one example. EC: That’s right. The medicines available today are primarily aimed at disease management, particularly bronchodilation, keeping the airways open and unobstructed. NF: Is that what an asthma inhaler does? EC: Exactly. That’s what the asthma inhaler does, the device everyone recognizes. It’s probably the most iconic example, and one that we often see used incorrectly in movies. NF: Really? Is it also what we use during a spirometry test? EC: Spirometry is primarily a diagnostic test that measures lung capacity when disease is already present. NF: But an inhaled medication is also used during the procedure, right? EC: Exactly. NF: Today, Hovione is also proud to offer end-to-end solutions for inhaled and nasal medicines, primarily targeting the lungs, as we’ve been discussing. Does that mean you control the entire process, from molecule synthesis all the way to the final inhaler device? EC: Yes, exactly. And the journey has been very gradual and organic, so to speak. If I can make a chemistry joke, “organic” fits quite well. But let’s continue. Hovione started with molecule synthesis, which is part of our history. From there, we specialized in controlling what we call particle size, or particle engineering, because these medicines need to be carefully engineered to be delivered effectively to the lungs. We handle synthesis, though we don’t work in drug discovery itself. We’re not discovering new molecules; rather, we support pharmaceutical companies with synthesis and, in this case, particle engineering, which is critical for inhaled medicines. Next comes combining the active pharmaceutical ingredient with additional components to create a medicine, which is also far from simple. Finally, there’s the inhaler, the medical device people actually see. It’s the engine that generates the aerosol. In the traditional asthma inhaler, which is the best-known example, aerosol generation is active. A pressurized gas propels the medication. In the types of devices we specialize in, known as passive devices, dry powder aerosols are generated using the patient’s own inhalation effort. NF: The patient inhales the powder. EC: Exactly. It’s still a challenge because there needs to be a perfect combination of particle properties, formulation, and device design to create the aerosol and achieve effective deposition in the lungs. We have control over all those aspects. NF: The lung seems like a particularly challenging organ for drug delivery. What makes it so difficult to ensure the medicine reaches exactly where it’s supposed to go? EC: Right. NF: Do you put a GPS on it? EC: Not exactly. That would be nice. The reality is that the lung has evolved over millions of years to prevent the entry of any foreign particle, whether it’s a pathogen, a virus, or anything else. NF: That’s its natural behavior. EC: Exactly, and fortunately for us. The lung is very effective at preventing exposure. It’s often said that if the entire surface of the lungs were spread out, it would be about the size of a tennis court. It’s an enormous surface area. Without defense mechanisms, we would constantly be exposed to harmful particles. Evolution designed the lungs to keep everything out. When we try to use the lungs as a route of administration to treat patients, we have to find ways to navigate around those defense mechanisms. NF: Or trick the lungs. EC: Yes, you could say that. We have to persuade them. The key lies in a magic number: aerosol particle size. Whether it’s a dry powder cloud or a liquid aerosol, the particles need to be between one and five microns in size. We’re talking about particles at least ten times smaller than a human hair. These are extremely fine powders. Very small particles tend to clump together, absorb moisture, and behave unpredictably. First, you have to reduce particle size, then control those behaviors, and finally use a relatively simple device. NF: Of course. EC: A device capable of generating that aerosol. NF: And one that anyone can use. EC: Exactly. NF: I believe Japan crossed paths with Hovione’s story again through the success of Inavir. What is this product, and what impact did it have? EC: Inavir is a story that goes back several years and is very illustrative of Hovione’s role in this specialized pharmaceutical niche. It’s an area that requires a broad set of competencies. For context, Inavir is an antiviral medication used to treat influenza. It’s administered directly to the lungs, which are the entry point for the virus. Hovione was involved in developing both the formulation inside the device and the device itself. The inhaler remains, to this day, the world’s only single-use inhaler. It’s extremely simple because patients using it have the flu. Reusing an inhaler in that situation makes little sense. The goal is to use it once and then discard it. The challenge was developing an inhaler that was cost-effective and sustainable while being designed for a single administration. NF: Use it once and throw it away. EC: Exactly. Since its approval in 2010, it has remained the world’s only single-use inhaler. We can say that millions of people have been treated with a technology developed in Portugal. NF: That’s also a source of national pride. EC: Absolutely. NF: In recent years, the nasal route has generated tremendous scientific interest, particularly because of its potential to reach certain areas of the body, including the brain and central nervous system, more quickly. What makes this route so special? It seems to have no toll booths. EC: Well, there are a few. We still need to bypass the body’s defense mechanisms. The nasal route is fascinating because we often associate anything administered through the nose with allergic rhinitis, pollen allergies, or sinus infections. NF: And allergies in general. EC: Exactly. Conditions that are very localized. But in reality, the nasal cavity offers extremely rapid absorption. Researchers began exploring it as a gateway for treating conditions not necessarily linked to nasal symptoms. Initially, this included areas such as pain management, particularly migraines. More recently, it has also been explored as a potential route to the brain itself. Why? Because our sense of smell originates in the nasal cavity, which contains a network of nerves. NF: Although what allows us to smell is actually in the brain. EC: Exactly. This is one of the few non-invasive routes that provides a relatively direct pathway from the nose to the brain through the olfactory and trigeminal nerves. It opens the door to much more patient-friendly approaches for treating disease. NF: Looking toward the future of healthcare, could nasal delivery eventually replace injections for many therapies? Might we someday say goodbye to needles? EC: Unfortunately, I don’t think so. So many innovative therapies are being developed, and needles and injections remain the most reliable way to ensure delivery, especially for advanced biologic therapies, where administration efficiency must be close to 100%. Everything that is prepared must reach the patient. We’re still far from guaranteeing that level of efficiency through the nose or the lungs. Not yet. NF: Not yet, but there are already significant advantages in certain situations. To bring all these innovations to market, research can’t happen in isolation. Does your team work with scientific and academic partners who accelerate these discoveries? EC: Absolutely. First and foremost, our partnerships with Portuguese universities have been an essential source of talent and knowledge for the advances we’ve made over the years, particularly in respiratory drug delivery. The Faculties of Pharmacy in Lisbon and Coimbra, NOVA University, and Instituto Superior Técnico have all been key partners. Not only academic institutions, but also industry partners. Given the complexity of what we do, multiple disciplines need to come together, from mechanical engineering and physiology to biology. No one achieves major breakthroughs alone. We also collaborate with companies such as Precisepart in Germany in the area of inhaler devices. These partnerships have been absolutely fundamental to our success. NF: Eunice Costa, scientist at Hovione, thank you for helping us understand how science is transforming lung health and how the nasal route is becoming a gateway for medicines that could improve the lives of millions of people. This was the fifth episode of The Next Discovery. Next week, we’ll reach the final chapter of this season and explore what almost sounds like science fiction becoming reality. We’ll discover high-dose biologic medicines and learn how cancer treatments may move from hospitals into our homes. All episodes are available at observador.pt and on major podcast platforms. Until the next discovery.

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